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The impact of monetary policy on growth during crisis periods in Nigeria: An evaluation of the CBN (2000–2020)

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Background of the Study :

Monetary policy is a key tool used by central banks to stabilize economies, particularly during periods of crisis. In Nigeria, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has implemented various monetary interventions from 2000 to 2020 to mitigate the adverse effects of crises such as global financial downturns and domestic economic shocks. These interventions include adjustments to interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations, which are designed to stimulate growth, maintain liquidity, and restore confidence in financial markets (Okonkwo, 2023). Empirical studies have demonstrated that proactive monetary policy can cushion economies against external shocks and spur recovery (Adeniyi, 2024). However, during crisis periods, the effectiveness of such policies can be undermined by delays in policy implementation and structural weaknesses in the financial system (Chukwu, 2025). This study evaluates how the CBN’s monetary policies have influenced economic growth during crisis periods by analyzing macroeconomic indicators, growth rates, and market responses, thereby providing evidence-based recommendations for improving policy effectiveness in future crises.

Statement of the Problem

During crisis periods, Nigeria’s economic growth has often been volatile despite active monetary policy interventions. Delays in policy adjustments, combined with structural challenges in the financial sector, have diminished the intended stimulative effects of the CBN’s measures. This has led to inconsistent recovery patterns and ongoing economic uncertainty. The study seeks to identify the key factors that limit the effectiveness of monetary policies during crises and to evaluate their overall impact on growth. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for designing more resilient and responsive monetary strategies that can effectively support economic recovery in turbulent times (Okonkwo, 2023; Adeniyi, 2024).

Objectives of the Study:

1. To evaluate the impact of CBN monetary policies on growth during crises.

2. To identify factors limiting policy effectiveness in crisis periods.

3. To recommend strategies for enhancing policy responsiveness.

Research Questions:

1. How do monetary policies influence growth during economic crises?

2. What challenges reduce policy effectiveness during crises?

3. What measures can improve crisis management through monetary policy?

Research Hypotheses:

1. H1: Timely monetary policy interventions positively affect growth during crises.

2. H2: Structural financial weaknesses hinder policy effectiveness.

3. H3: Enhanced policy responsiveness improves crisis recovery.

Significance of the Study (100 words):

This study examines the impact of monetary policy on growth during crisis periods in Nigeria, providing valuable insights for the CBN and policymakers to refine crisis management strategies. Improved monetary responses are essential for stabilizing the economy and fostering sustainable growth during turbulent times (Chukwu, 2025).

Scope and Limitations of the Study:

The study is confined to evaluating CBN interventions during crises in Nigeria from 2000–2020, focusing on macroeconomic growth indicators. Limitations include external economic influences.

Definitions of Terms:

1. Monetary Policy: Central bank actions aimed at regulating the money supply and interest rates.

2. Economic Growth: An increase in the production and consumption of goods and services.

3. Crisis Periods: Times of significant economic disruption and instability.

 





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